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We suggest that its apparent spontaneity should lead her to attribute it special meaning Why would I think of him in this moment unless it is important and it should consequently exert a greater influence on her judgment I must still have feelings for him . In this paper we report a series of five studies examining how the perceived spontaneity of thought influences the extent to which it is believed to yield meaningful self insight and influences judgment. Publisher s link  hbs faculty Publication Files morewedge giblin norton b c e b d b e d e c a .pdf pdf AUGUST.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Getting the Most Chinese Overseas America Number Data Out of Giving Concretely Framing a Prosocial Goal Maximizes Happiness pdf By Rudd Melanie Jennifer Aaker and Michael I. Norton ABSTRACT—Across six field and laboratory experiments participants assigned a more concretely framed prosocial goal e.g. making someone smile or increasing recycling felt happier and reported creating greater personal happiness after performing a goal directed act of kindness than did those who were assigned a functionally similar but more abstractly framed prosocial goal e.g. making someone happy or saving the environment . that this effect was driven by differences in the size of the gap between participants expectations and reality.





Compared to those who pursued an abstractly framed prosocial goal those who pursued a concretely framed goal perceived that the actual outcome of their goal directed efforts more accurately matched their expectations causing them to experience a greater boost in happiness. Evidence that participants are unable to predict this effect believing that pursuing abstractly framed prosocial goals would have either an equal or greater positive impact on their own happiness is also presented.